Prayer Time Calculator
Location-based Islamic prayer times from the sun position and a chosen calculation method.
What does the undefined do?
It estimates the five daily prayer times for a chosen city and date, using the sun position and a standard calculation method, so you have a printable schedule without installing an app.
- Inputs: a city, a date, a calculation method and the Asr shadow length.
- Output: the five prayer times in local clock time, plus sunrise.
- Method: solar declination and the equation of time give solar noon, and sun depression angles give Fajr, Isha and the other times.
Quick answer
Prayer times shift with the seasons because they follow the sun. A shorter Fajr-to-Isha window in summer means very early Fajr and late Isha, which is why the method you choose changes the result by a few minutes.
What This Calculator Really Does
Prayer times are astronomical, not fixed. The sun crosses local solar noon at Dhuhr, sets at Maghrib, and reaches specific angles below the horizon for Fajr and Isha, and the whole schedule moves a little every day. This tool takes a city, a date and a calculation method and returns the five daily times. The calculation method sets how far below the horizon the sun must dip for Fajr and Isha: the Muslim World League uses 18 and 17 degrees, ISNA 15 and 15, the Egyptian authority 19.5 and 17.5, and the University of Islamic Sciences in Karachi 18 and 18. Asr depends on shadow length: the standard school uses a shadow equal to the object height plus the noon shadow, while the Hanafi school uses twice the height, making Asr later.
The formula it uses
Solar noon = 12 minus longitude divided by 15 plus the timezone offset, corrected by the equation of time. For each angle, the hour angle H satisfies cos H = (sin(altitude) minus sin(latitude) sin(declination)) divided by cos(latitude) cos(declination), and the time is solar noon plus or minus H divided by 15. Fajr and Isha use a negative altitude equal to the method angle; Asr uses the altitude where the shadow equals the chosen multiple of the object height.
Worked example with real numbers
Karachi on 21 June at the Muslim World League method gives Fajr 04:14, sunrise 05:43, Dhuhr 12:33, Asr 15:55, Maghrib 19:24 and Isha 20:48. The same city in winter gives a much tighter day, because the sun rises later and sets earlier.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Using a single method for a city where the local mosque follows a different one, then finding a small mismatch.
- Forgetting daylight saving, which shifts the clock by an hour even though the sun position has not changed.
- Assuming the tool can anchor to the true local horizon, whereas a flat angle ignores hills and buildings that delay sunrise or advance sunset.
Assumptions and limitations
City coordinates and timezone offsets are approximate, and the calculator ignores elevation, local horizon and daylight saving. High latitudes can return no valid Fajr or Isha in summer, which the tool reports instead of guessing.
Disclaimer
These times are a planning aid only. Always follow the timetable of your local mosque or recognised authority for worship, since small method and horizon differences change the accepted time.
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- Hijri Gregorian Date Converter — check the Islamic date alongside the times
- Zakat Calculator — the other pillar calculation many users need
- Islamic Inheritance Calculator
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Frequently Asked Questions
How is the undefined calculated?
Solar noon is found from longitude, timezone and the equation of time, then each prayer is placed at a sun angle: a depression angle for Fajr and Isha, a shadow length for Asr, and the horizon for Maghrib. The steps panel shows the sequence.
What do I need to use the undefined?
A city, a date, a calculation method and the Asr shadow length. All the coordinates and timezones are built in.
What does the result from the undefined show?
The five prayer times in local clock time plus sunrise, rounded to the nearest minute and based on the method you selected.
Which prayer time calculation method should I use?
Follow your local mosque. The Muslim World League is a common default, while the Karachi method is widely used in South Asia and ISNA in North America.
Why are the times slightly different from my mosque timetable?
Mosques allow for local horizon, elevation, daylight saving and their own method. This tool is a close estimate, not the final authority your mosque publishes.
Is the undefined really free?
Yes — 100 percent free, no sign-up, and everything runs in your browser.